Showing posts with label quality. Show all posts
Showing posts with label quality. Show all posts

Benefits of successfully implemented ISO 9001

Ø Winning new customers
ISO certification matter when dealing with customers or sourcing vendors because it is well connected to quality management system, well documentation of process of building products and conform to global standard. As yourself, do you want to buy your raw material from an ISO 9000:9001 certified companies or a normal company? ISO certification served as a proof that the company is conform to standard and doing business with them is assured. By gaining ISO certification, we can have potential increase in customers’ confidence, customers’ retention and new customers. Some customers in high value industry such as petroleum, semiconductor, medical and aerospace requires ISO certification as a minimum qualifying requirement to deal with them.

Ø Global reach
Besides winning new customers domestically, gaining a new certification in ISO will qualify my organization to compete globally in international market. This is critical for certain countries that impose high trade barriers such as European Union. To be qualify entering the developed market, my organization need at least an ISO certification to assure the importer and the government that the products that manufactured by my organization are conforming to high European standards. Even as countries in the world progress, high standards are imposed to enter, their market and ISO certification is gaining more popularity around the world. By choosing to certify ISO there will be standardization of system because most countries in the world will adopt the same system. There is no need for prequalifying and reviewing each other different standards from different countries. An ISO is just like international accepted languages which can be understand from any countries in the world. It is associated with quality management system no matter it view from perspective of Malaysian, German, Chinese or American. Even the certification is originated from European, American and Japanese are also began to adopt the system in order to be able to export to European Union countries. Emerging new European nations such as Poland, Latvia, Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey with potential entry to European Union will impact to business world because the European Union market will be getting bigger in term of population market and buying power. No business would like to lose out in this new potential market for them to export.

In order to survive as said earlier, we need to expand to global market not just domestic market. European unified market and new emerging market such as India and China offers a good opportunity for our organization to grow even further. Therefore, qualifying ISO is the best benefits we can ever achieve because it opens new windows to the new market for semiconductor business of my organization. Important things is the fact that ISO is the world most widely adopted quality standard compare to any other certification whether from United States or Japan.

Ø Save qualifying time and cost
As the ISO certification is maintain for certain period and will be reviewed from time to time, there is no need to qualify again and again the same process. Once accepted or qualified, the companies need only to maintain and ensure they pass the subsequent audit from the registrar. No matter they enter Hong Kong market, European market, Japan market, India market or Malaysia market, the company can show the same certification to the company it deals with. There is no need to qualify again for new certificates for each new vendors or customers it deal with. This is cost and time saving because the certification can be widely used and accepted globally.

Another cost saving can be avoidance of customer driven quality audit. By having a reputable certification, there is no need for customer to request additional audits to be carried on its vendor when doing new business. If we have new customer, equip if ISO qualification they will accept it as a standard. We will not follow any variable customer set standard because one unique standard format or criteria from ISO is used and can be accepted worldwide by any company.

Ø Maintaining Quality
Quality is something very subjective. However, the basic understanding of quality is the product or services should be conforming to what the manufacturer has claimed. If the process variability is low and stable, there is high potential that the product process is conform to standard and the outcome of the product is expected as claimed by the manufacturer. That is why a well-documented process should be a fundamental of achieving quality because all employees or systems will follow the expected process flow required to achieve that state. For example to achieve a delicious plate of KFC snack plate, there are same documented process that all kitchen employee should do no matter which branch of KFC it is around the world. This is to ensure there are no visible variability for products coming out from any assembly line, branch or countries where the company operate. It promotes standardization and consistency in the organization and having a repeated process which is expectable is easier to manage.

Besides maintaining quality, it can also instill the behavior of readiness among employees of the organization to uphold quality. This is because there will be a scheduled review and audit from the registrar and company should pass the criteria measure for every subsequent audit for not to risk invoked of their certification. By make sure all employees always ready and aware to maintain the standard of their workflow, they will reinforce the behavior for a long term. They will also be ready when there is any customer audit carry on in the future because from the exposure for the ISO registrar audit carry on constantly. This is also build sense of urgency to employees every time an outsiders such as auditor, customer or vendor come to the plant and they will maintain their seriousness towards quality and conformance standard when visitors come.

ISO series standards also encourage company to identify the need of use of statistical data techniques, and to implement and control the techniques. Statistical data and analysis and be essential to identify problem, seeing trend and taking corrective action if the monitoring of process variability is alarming..

Ø Quality as competitive weapons
Quality has become an important factor that company need to distinguish itself from one another in the ever competitive market. Pricing and promotion is not the key factor to attract customer because customers are more demanding and knowledgeable on their rights. They demand the product that is reliable, value for money, conform to the standards as claim by the manufacturer and will not hesitate to take action if their expectation is not met. A company that can produce a quality product will build their customers confidence, capture new market and ensure the satisfaction of customers fulfilled. For example, Toyota has long branded as quality car manufacturer has recently overtook Ford Motor to be world second largest car manufacturer in term of volume. Toyota excel because it has a well control quality system compare to the American counterparts. It is not anymore we can capture the market by just instilling demand from promotion and price. People are willing to pay more to get higher quality and reliability product. Therefore, quality system build in organization can be an important competitive weapon to stay on top and differentiated it from all other competitors.

Taking quality as a competitive weapons is the main factor now in the market as developing countries are more and more depending on export to the developed and industrialized nations which always impose a trade barrier to protect its market. Having a reliable system, quality products and putting customer at forefront in ensuring their needs and expectation being meet is a key for organization to stay on the top of the game compare to firms or business that still not aware or not ready. Time factor is important to make sure my company build up fast and being a leader of quality in the market which will take time for other organization to follow and achieve the same point.

Ø Quality for Cost Saving
When all process and work related activities are well documented, there is better chance for any improvement and cost saving efforts carries on in the company. If the process is well documented, it is easy for management or team members to look in micro the problems root cause that need to be tackle in course of the project implementation. There are many quality related projects in the company that is carry on with the fundamental outcomes from ISO qualification such as Six Sigma, business process improvement, manufacturing waste reduction, Just-in-Time management and product improvement.

Business cannot survive just to achieve higher sales or new market. It should maintain its management on its resources, management of waste, better process control, greater quality awareness among employees and constant process improvement. In actual Cost of Poor Quality (CPQ) if can be manage effectively can actually increase the sales or revenue of the organization. Therefore, to increase our position does not necessary increase a budget to do marketing or promotional activities. Simple activities of improving quality can result in better results than we would probably know. All those process improvement and managing resources effectively cannot be achieve if there is no clear understanding of process and full view of overall process requirement. ISO9000 help company in this matter because all the process and system in the company will be well documented and maintained. When there is any quality issue arises, there is corrective action taken as soon as possible because well documented process are easily identified and find the root cause. A survey by UCLA also showed that NYSE listed companies that certified ISO9000 also shown a greatly improvement in financial performance. When the performance of company increase in term of lower productivity inefficiency, lower defect rates, lower scrap rate and streamlined process this can results in significant financial returns to our company. Problems solved will be documented and organization will know how to handle better in the future if there is any occurrence. Better perform and manage company share prices will also be a hot buy for investor to invest in our company.

Ø Well archiving of documents and easily accessible information.
As all workflow, work instruction, visual aids and system will be documented either in paper file or system are easily to be access by employees, customers, vendors or auditor when need right on time. It can be time saving and give a good impression because of good data or information resources management. As my organization has extensive intranet network some of the information such as visual aids and work instruction put in the system can be access by employees when doing their job. For example production operator review the work instruction how to start loading and testing a semiconductor devices using a complex tester. Without well documentation to refer, they are prone to make wrong decisions or action that may cause quality issue such as customer return, unit failure and customer warranty claim. The information is kept inside the share drive and can be open by employees when needed. This can be good way to control cost of having paperwork, save space and provide important data when needed. We have our own Document Control department to control hardcopy of the documents in archive that can be retrieving when needed. Documented quality programs are also easy to maintain by the organization.

Well accessible information is also good for top management because they can get a clearer picture of overall business operation. By understanding the fundamental of business operation, management can used it to further improve the overall business efficiency when needed. For example HR Manager can reviewed back formal copies of Marketing Manager job description in document management system (DMS) if he want to review back the job criteria based on current job requirement or set a criteria for advertisement to hire a new managers for my company. Engineering manager can review the process of testing a CMOS device using a type of tester to further find out to explore for improvement. Each person or department responsible for the documents or the originator will be responsible to update it when there is any change. This distribution of responsibility to respective department can ensure they carry their job in good order, as they can be blame for any inaccuracy of data at any time. For example if the updates for new usage of test script program not updated by the Product Engineer, he can be blame by management and customer if there is an issue of wrong program use. Controls of data are more frequent such as cancellation of obsolete documents will ensure all information is up-to-date.

Ø Maintaining Best Practice
In documented process, mostly all best practice will be documented for references in the future. This best practice is important to ensure all the organizational activities, process and workflows will maintain its effectiveness, efficiency and maintain of quality standards in its products and services. This will also ensure continuity of knowledge from one generation to another generation when old employees go out and new employees recruited by my organization. There is no lost link of knowledge by the employees. Best practices that are documented is the basic requirement for achieving or participating a higher level quality awards such as Malcolm Baldridge or Deming Prize.

Best practice can also be served as a platform for other organization to learn or do benchmarking. Sometimes our organization can also share this knowledge to certain friendly affiliates to learn and improve their own operation for mutual benefits. For example, sharing knowledge to vendor to improve their cost can bring better business relationship and potential cost saving on our side for material sourcing after vendor able to realized their goals. A good business and strong organization dare to share its best practice to the industry for common benefits.

Ø Improving Company Status and Employee Morale
Company status will be elevated in the market after we achieve the ISO9000:9001 certification. When dealing with other company such reputation is important to us because other company will see us as a solid, strong and well managed company. Such reputation will results in vendors and customer confidence to us. A new company for example from Netherlands will not know the status, financial capabilities and expertise of our company to meet their business requirement but sure they know the ISO9000 certification that we owned. Moreover, to employees working under a company with such certification will increase their morale and pride. It will also help to retain employees when they feel that they work under a stable and well managed organization. To potential new recruits they will also choose a reputable company to work with and thus we can attract all the best talent to work under our organization umbrella. Brand equity results from highly reputable company are subjective but the potential for generating financial outcomes can be significant to our organization.

Malcolm Baldridge

Malcolm Baldridge is a national quality awards in United States. Original the awards is intend solely on quality but currently the concept is more on performance management and sharing of best practices to increase US companies or organizations competitiveness in global market. Due to difference in the nature of business in certain industry, Malcolm Baldridge Award criteria is divided into 3 categories which is the Criteria for Performance Excellence, Education Criteria for Performance Excellence and Health Care Criteria for Performance Excellence. We will look deeply into Criteria for Performance Excellence, which is the default criterion needed by normal business or nonprofit organization operation to compare into the standards. According to the information provided by National Institute of Standard & Technology (NIST), there are 7 important criteria to measure against the business performance such as Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer and Market Focus, Measurement, Analysis & Knowledge Management, Workforce Focus, Process Management and Results. From the 7 Criteria for Performance, there are 18 items to evaluate against the business or organization such as example below:

Leadership
Include (1) Senior Leadership, which examines how senior executives guide the organization and (2) Governance and Social Responsibilities that examine how the organization addresses its responsibilities to the public and practices good citizenship
Strategic Planning
Included 2 item which see how to organization address strategic challenges and set its direction (1) (Strategic Development) and how it determines it key action plan (2) (Strategic Deployment)
Customer and Market Focus
Include (1) Customer and Market Knowledge, which emphasize on focus to captured voice from customers to be more customers’ centric organization that understand them and their needs clearly. It also include (2) Customer Relationships and Satisfaction.
Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management
Include of 2 item, (1) Management, Analysis and Improvement on Organizational Performance which examines the management of data and information and effective use of these resources to improvement on the key process and (2) Management of Information, Information Technology and Knowledge.
Workforce Focus
It has two items included (1) Workforce Engagement that examines on the way organization has support to ensure the full potential development of its human resources and (2) Workforce Environment examines how workforce is aligned to company’s objectives.
Process Management
It examines how important production and support process are designed, managed and improved. It included item (1) Work Systems Design and (2) Work Process Management and Improvement.
Results
Examines organizational performance and improvement in key business areas which included the item such as (1) Product and Service Outcomes, (2) Customer Focus Outcomes (3) Financial and Market Outcomes, (4) Workforce Focus Outcomes, (5) Process Effectiveness Outcomes and (6) Leadership Outcomes.

Baldridge Award Criteria is used by a lot of business and organization as a self-assessment tools to evaluate how their business operation performance standing at, tools for development of operational effectiveness and improvement, and a platform where best practice in American firms can be shared for overall mutual benefits in the industry.

Cost of quality

Higher quality can lead to increase of business performance and attaining of lower cost. Business operation results are more concerned on final profit and loss and whatever functional or support business activities must be justified financially. There are few impacts of improvement in quality improvement towards overall effective cost achievement.

Failure cost is significant because it will give considerably financial impact to the company. First, higher quality standard means lower defect rate and rework activities that will influence company financially. By having higher quality there will be less cost due to mishandling, unstable process and poor yield. Usually defects need to rework and potential substitution of parts, materials and components, which will affect those products with low profit margin and high composition of material cost. For low value products such as electronic watch, it may not be a significant concern to manufacturer, but imagine rework cost for a batch of automobiles from an assembly line? One of example is the replacement of Nokia mobile phones battery (BL-5C) worldwide which manufactured by Matshushita. The defective batteries have overheating issues and global replacement may involve more than 46 million units, which is significant replacement cost.




















Second, higher quality can lower cost by reducing the scrap and waste and improvement of yield or process. A quality product that is durable and robust can withstand impact of handling. It must use a high quality raw material with generally does not cause failure or defect internally until it is needed to be scrap. Latent failure may cost manufacturer but if the failure reach customers not only there is replacement cost, the customers confidence will erode eventually. One of the ways is to control the incoming material quality as deter any quality issues that will cost manufacturer. For example, Ford Customer Driven Six-Sigma program is driving supplier to set a stricter internal control that will contribute to Ford’s cost saving efforts.

Third, without quality issue we will not having related cost in managing the defect products from customers. When there is defect return or return material authorization, business must bear the cost of rework, claims, warranty, reshipment, and reverse logistic. Higher quality product also prevents spillover effect cost such as budget for promotional and public relation activities to rebuild back customers’ confidence after any quality incidence.

Fourth, if there is higher quality product there will be less potential holding cost. For a big company which reputation matters, any quality issue arises there must be responsibility to stop the production and sale of the product. Sometimes there is law or government intervention to stop the sale. Delay in moving goods or shipment can generate potential high holding cost to business such as cost in keeping inventory in third party warehouse, transportation cost etc. When there is high quality associated with a product, the customer’s confidence will be higher and there are likely to turn over the inventory much faster. For example is the Toyota Aurion delay in sale and production due to engine failure in 2007.

Fifth, reduction of none value added activities and improvement in productivity because all human resources, machinery, equipment can be utilized fully utilized for production to achieve optimum efficiency. If the needs for rework, retest or reassemble arise from poor quality, these resources must be separated to both activities. High cost such as overtime, labor hour’s usage, electricity etc that must be committed to solve the problem. In addition, there are costs associated in retraining the human resources for quality issues, over inspection, new procedures, and addition of quality control process or gate if the quality not built in the first place. Wastage of financial resources for these activities is a cost that we can eliminate by building quality in the first place. Inspection headcounts in traditional quality control is a poor quality strategy because it does not eliminate quality but only prevent it from getting out from the factory. Factory that has poor quality product or process will invest considerably in inspection gates. However, there are potential human errors escapees to consider compare to having a set of high quality assurance standard.

Sixth, there will be loss of business revenues opportunities resulted from poor quality impact. Customers will only be delighted with high quality product, which will not giving negative impact to them or their business operation. Higher quality products will minimize potential financial impact such as cost of losing market share and customers, profit margin and brand equity.

In conclusion, the losses due to poor quality can be significant if the business neglect the importance of providing quality in the first place. Cost of Poor Quality such as labor cost, material cost for rework, loss of opportunities, underutilization of resources, loss of sales and poor customer satisfaction will persist and giving financial impact to bottom-line company’s performance – cost. However, there must be a balance in building the quality in products, as there is law of diminishing marginal returns for investment in quality. There must be equilibrium between cost of losses due to poor quality and cost of improving quality. This is because after a certain level any increase in investment for quality will not yield any return to the business anymore.